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Official statement

When you rebrand in different countries, you can use hreflang to link pages of different brands and languages to show the correct version to the right users based on their location.
4:49
🎥 Source video

Extracted from a Google Search Central video

⏱ 1h09 💬 EN 📅 14/06/2019 ✂ 10 statements
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Official statement from (6 years ago)
TL;DR

Google confirms that hreflang can be used to connect pages of distinct brands according to countries, provided they target different languages or regions. This flexibility allows for managing international multi-brand strategies within the same SEO ecosystem. In practical terms, you can indicate that a page from Brand A in France corresponds to a page from Brand B in Canada if the content is equivalent.

What you need to understand

Was hreflang really designed to connect different brands?

Most SEO practitioners use hreflang to indicate the linguistic or regional variations of the same page, typically within a single brand. The classic example: example.com/fr/ and example.com/en/ for a multilingual site.

Mueller expands the scope here: hreflang can connect pages of distinct brands if they serve the same purpose in different countries. Imagine a company operating under the brand 'BrandFR' in France and 'BrandCA' in Canada — both sites can be linked via hreflang.

Why does Google accept this scenario?

The search engine primarily seeks to display the correct version of a page based on the user's language and location. Whether this version has a different domain name or brand is less important than the geographical and linguistic relevance.

From a technical standpoint, hreflang signals a relationship of content equivalence. If the pages of two brands address the same search intent but in distinct geographical contexts, the signal remains valid for Google.

What conditions must be met for it to work?

Google does not provide formal conditions here, which leaves a zone of interpretation. In practice, the pages must be substantially equivalent — same product, same service, same intent — even if the brand differs.

If you link pages that deal with radically different topics on the pretext that they are in different languages, you risk confusing the signals and achieving the opposite effect: Google might ignore your hreflang tags.

  • Hreflang can link pages of distinct brands if they target different countries and languages
  • The goal remains to indicate to Google which version of a page to show based on geolocation
  • Linked pages must be substantially equivalent in content and intent
  • This approach primarily applies to international multi-brand strategies
  • No technical restrictions prevent hreflang from pointing to a different domain

SEO Expert opinion

Is this statement consistent with observed practices in the field?

Let’s be honest: few companies leverage hreflang in this specific context, but those that have reported mixed results. The reason? Google has never explicitly communicated this possibility before.

In practice, I've seen cases where distinct regional brands attempted to interconnect via hreflang — some observed better consolidation of international signals, while others found their pages conflicting in the SERPs. [To be verified]: Google has provided no metrics or concrete examples to support this claim.

What nuances need to be added to this recommendation?

Mueller does not clarify what happens if the content substantially differs between the two brands. A product sold under two brands might have slightly different descriptions, prices, features — how problematic do these variations become?

The other unknown: how does Google handle brand authority in this context? If BrandFR has strong domain authority and BrandCA is new, does hreflang transfer some of this authority, or just the geographical signal? No official answers to date.

Warning: Linking two distinct brands via hreflang may create conflicting signals if your content, backlink, or branding strategies diverge too much between countries. Test on a small scale before mass deployment.

In what cases is this approach truly relevant?

This tactic makes sense for multinational groups operating under local brands for cultural, legal, or business reasons. Example: a holding company that owns a chain of stores under different brands in Europe.

However, if you have the option, maintaining a single brand remains easier to manage in SEO — less risk of confusion, better signal consolidation. Using hreflang between distinct brands is a workaround, not a first-choice strategy.

Practical impact and recommendations

How to concretely implement hreflang between two brands?

You need to place the hreflang tags in the <head> of each relevant page, or via the XML sitemap. Each page must point to all of its regional variants, including itself.

Example: if BrandFR.com/produit/ corresponds to BrandCA.com/product/, each page must include hreflang tags pointing to the other. The language-region code must be precise: fr-FR, en-CA, etc. Be careful not to mix language-only and language-region — this creates parsing errors.

What mistakes should be avoided during setup?

The classic mistake: linking pages that do not have a real equivalence. If BrandFR sells product A and BrandCA sells product B which is completely different, hreflang should not link them — even if the URLs look similar.

Another pitfall: forgetting reciprocity. Each page must point to all its variants, and each variant must point back. A non-reciprocal hreflang tag is often ignored by Google.

How to check if the implementation works correctly?

Use Google Search Console to check for hreflang errors — 'International Coverage' section. Common errors: missing tags, invalid language codes, lack of reciprocity.

Also test through geolocated searches: use a VPN or tools like BrightLocal to simulate a query from the target country and see which version appears in the SERPs. If the wrong version displays, it means a stronger signal (server geolocation, ccTLD, Search Console Geo Targeting) is overriding hreflang.

  • Place hreflang tags in the <head> or XML sitemap of each page
  • Ensure reciprocity: each page must point to all its variants
  • Use precise language-region codes (fr-FR, en-CA, etc.)
  • Check for errors in Google Search Console, 'International Coverage' section
  • Test display in the SERPs via geolocated searches
  • Ensure that linked pages are substantially equivalent in content
Linking distinct brands via hreflang is technically feasible, but requires absolute rigor in implementation. Each error can muddle geographic signals and hurt the ranking of both brands. If your international strategy involves multiple brands, domains, and languages, the parameters to manage quickly become complex. In these contexts, support from a specialized SEO agency may prove valuable to avoid costly mistakes and optimize international performance without compromising the visibility of each brand.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Peut-on utiliser hreflang entre deux noms de domaine totalement différents ?
Oui, hreflang fonctionne entre domaines distincts. Google se base sur les balises, pas sur l'architecture du site. Assurez-vous simplement que les pages reliées sont équivalentes.
Hreflang transfère-t-il de l'autorité de domaine entre les deux marques ?
Non, hreflang est un signal géographique et linguistique, pas un signal d'autorité. Il n'agit pas comme un lien et ne transfère pas de PageRank.
Que se passe-t-il si les contenus diffèrent légèrement entre les deux marques ?
Google tolère des variations mineures (prix, devises, mentions légales locales). Si le contenu principal diffère substantiellement, hreflang risque d'être ignoré ou de créer des conflits.
Faut-il obligatoirement utiliser des codes langue-région ou la langue seule suffit-elle ?
Privilégiez toujours langue-région (fr-FR, en-CA) pour une précision maximale. La langue seule (fr, en) peut créer des ambiguïtés si plusieurs pays parlent la même langue.
Peut-on combiner hreflang avec un ciblage géographique dans Search Console ?
Oui, les deux peuvent coexister. Le ciblage Search Console s'applique au domaine, hreflang à la page. Assurez-vous que les signaux convergent et ne se contredisent pas.
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